Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (PCMET303) Syllabus

Properties of fluid: specific gravity, specific weight, specific volume, dynamic and kinematic viscosity. Introduction to fluid mechanics — types of fluids, Newton's law of viscosity.

Pressure Measurement: fluid pressure, pressure head, types of pressures, piezometer, simple and differential manometers. Fluid statics: pressure-density-height relationship, hydrostatic force and pressure on plane and inclined surfaces, centre of pressure, buoyancy and metacentre, stability of immersed and floating bodies. Fluid kinematics: types of flows, material derivative velocity and acceleration, streamlines/path lines/streak lines, stream function and velocity potential function, flow net. Fluid dynamics: continuity equation, Euler's and Bernoulli's equations, measuring instruments — Pitot tube, orificemeter, venturimeter, rectangular and triangular notches.

Pipe flow: laminar and turbulent flows, significance of Reynolds number, shear stress and velocity distribution in pipe flow, Hagen-Poiseuille equation, Darcy-Weisbach equation, Chezy's equation, Moody's chart for frictional losses, major and minor energy losses, hydraulic gradient and total energy line. Navier-Stokes equation (without proof). Dimensional analysis using Buckingham's π theorem. Boundary layer theory: qualitative comparison of laminar and turbulent boundary layer, boundary layer separation.

Impact of jets: on fixed vertical, moving vertical flat plates, and curved vanes (fixed and moving), velocity triangles. Classification of turbines and pumps, comparison and examples. Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines: principle, working, head, work done, efficiencies. Centrifugal pumps: principle, working, head, work required, efficiencies, priming and cavitation. Reciprocating pump: principle, working, slip, negative slip, work required and efficiency.