UP Board Class 10 Syllabus 2025-26

About UP Board Class 10 Exam

UP Board (Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad, UPMSP) Class 10 is called the High School examination and is one of India's largest board exams with over 30 lakh students appearing annually.

Exam pattern: Annual board exam held in February–March. Theory exam + Practical/Internal Assessment (for Science). Total marks per subject: 100 (70 theory + 30 internal for most; 100 theory for some subjects). Minimum passing marks: 33% in each subject and 33% aggregate.

UP Board exams are conducted in a single annual sitting (no semester). Result declared in April–May. UP Board Class 10 marks are used for class 11 admission in UP government and aided schools.

Mathematics Syllabus (Ganit)

Real Numbers: Euclid's division lemma; fundamental theorem of arithmetic; irrational numbers; decimal expansions.

Polynomials: Zeros of a polynomial; relationship between zeros and coefficients; division algorithm.

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables: Graphical method; algebraic methods — substitution, elimination, cross-multiplication; equations reducible to linear form.

Quadratic Equations: Standard form; solution by factorisation, completing the square, quadratic formula; discriminant; nature of roots.

Arithmetic Progressions: nth term; sum of first n terms; applications.

Triangles: Similarity of triangles; criteria for similarity (AA, SAS, SSS); Pythagoras theorem and its converse; Thales theorem (BPT).

Coordinate Geometry: Distance formula; section formula; area of a triangle; midpoint formula.

Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric ratios; trigonometric identities; complementary angles.

Some Applications of Trigonometry: Heights and distances; angles of elevation and depression.

Circles: Tangent to a circle; number of tangents; tangent from external point; theorems.

Areas Related to Circles: Area of sector and segment; areas of combinations of plane figures.

Surface Areas and Volumes: Combinations of solids; conversion of one solid to another; frustum of a cone.

Statistics: Mean, median, mode for grouped data; cumulative frequency graphs (ogive).

Probability: Classical definition; impossible and certain events; complementary events.

Science Syllabus (Vigyan)

Chemical Substances — Nature and Behaviour: Chemical reactions and equations; acids, bases and salts; metals and non-metals; carbon and its compounds; periodic classification of elements.

World of Living: Life processes; control and coordination; reproduction; heredity and evolution.

Natural Phenomena: Reflection of light; refraction of light; human eye and colorful world.

Effects of Current: Electric current; magnetic effects of electric current.

Natural Resources: Management of natural resources; our environment.

Practical Assessment (30 marks): Lab experiments prescribed by UPMSP — typically 8–10 experiments from Chemistry and Physics sections. Students must maintain a practical record book and appear for a practical exam conducted at the school.

Hindi Syllabus (Gadya, Padya, Vyakaran)

UP Board Class 10 Hindi paper is 100 marks (all theory). It has two papers in some years — Hindi and Sanskrit are combined under the Hindi paper for many schools.

Hindi Paper: Gadya (prose) — extracts from prescribed textbook with comprehension questions. Padya (poetry) — verse extracts, explanation and appreciation. Grammar (Vyakaran): sandhi, compound words (samas), one-word substitution, synonyms, antonyms, error correction, sentence transformation. Essay writing (nibandh): usually 3 topic choices; approximately 300–350 words. Letter writing / application (patra lekhan).

Sanskrit: (For schools offering Sanskrit) Sanskrit shloka and prose explanation; translation; grammar; essay in Sanskrit.

English Syllabus

UP Board Class 10 English is 100 marks. The exam covers:

Section A — Reading: One unseen passage with questions (comprehension, vocabulary). One unseen poem with questions.

Section B — Writing: Letter writing (formal/informal, choice of two). Essay writing (3 topics, one to be attempted; 200–300 words). Notice/Telegram/Report writing.

Section C — Grammar: Transformation of sentences; fill in the blanks (tenses, articles, prepositions, determiners); error correction; direct/indirect speech; active/passive voice.

Section D — Literature: Prescribed prose (from UPMSP textbook 'Prose') — extract-based questions, long and short answer questions. Prescribed poetry — appreciation, extract-based questions. Supplementary reader extracts.

Note: UP Board has been aligning its English syllabus closer to CBSE over recent years, particularly in the grammar section.

Social Science Syllabus (Samajik Vigyan)

UP Board Class 10 Social Science covers four sections:

History (Itihas): The Rise of Nationalism in Europe; Nationalism in India — Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement; The Making of a Global World; The Age of Industrialisation; Print Culture and the Modern World.

Geography (Bhugol): Resources and Development; Forest and Wildlife Resources; Water Resources; Agriculture; Minerals and Energy Resources; Manufacturing Industries; Lifelines of National Economy.

Political Science (Rajniti Shastra): Power Sharing; Federalism; Democracy and Diversity; Gender, Religion and Caste; Political Parties; Outcomes of Democracy; Challenges to Democracy.

Economics (Arthshastra): Development; Sectors of the Indian Economy; Money and Credit; Globalisation and the Indian Economy; Consumer Rights.