TN Samacheer Kalvi 10th Syllabus 2025-26

About Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi System

Tamil Nadu follows the Samacheer Kalvi (Equitable Education) curriculum, a uniform syllabus system introduced in 2010 to standardise education across government and private schools. The Class 10 (SSLC) board examination is conducted by the Tamil Nadu Directorate of Government Examinations (TNDGE).

The Samacheer Kalvi 10th exam is held in March–April every year with results in May. It is one of India's largest state board examinations. The exam covers Tamil (or other first languages), English, Mathematics, Science, and Social Science. Total marks: 600 (for the five main subjects, 100 each).

Minimum pass marks: 35 out of 100 in each subject. Supplementary exams are held in June for students who fail in up to two subjects.

Mathematics Syllabus (100 Marks)

TN Samacheer 10th Maths covers:

Numbers and Sequences: Real numbers, Euclid's algorithm, Arithmetic progressions, Geometric progressions.

Algebra: Polynomials, GCD/LCM of polynomials, Rational expressions, Linear equations in two variables, Quadratic equations, Graphs.

Geometry: Similarity, Pythagoras theorem, Circles and tangents, Concurrency of medians/altitudes/perpendicular bisectors.

Coordinate Geometry: Area of triangle, section formula, slope of a line.

Trigonometry: Heights and distances.

Mensuration: Volume and surface area of combinations of solids.

Statistics: Mean, median, mode of grouped data, dispersion (range, standard deviation).

Probability: Classical and theoretical probability.

TN Samacheer Maths includes standard deviation and coefficient of variation — topics NOT present in CBSE Class 10. Students preparing for board exams must cover these additional topics.

Science Syllabus (100 Marks)

TN Samacheer 10th Science is divided into Physics, Chemistry, and Biology:

Physics: Laws of Motion, Optics, Thermal Physics, Electricity, Electromagnetism, Nuclear Physics.

Chemistry: Periodic Classification, p-block elements, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds (Organic Chemistry), Acids/Bases/Salts, Chemical Bonding.

Biology: Plant Anatomy and Physiology, Human Biology (circulatory/excretory/nervous systems), Reproductive Health, Genetics, Evolution, Environment.

Notable differences from CBSE: TN Samacheer includes Nuclear Physics (radioactivity basics) and p-block elements in Class 10 — these appear only in Class 11-12 CBSE. The Biology portion is more detailed and NEET-aligned.

Science practicals carry 20 marks evaluated by the school.

Social Science Syllabus (100 Marks)

TN Samacheer 10th Social Science covers History, Geography, Civics, and Economics:

History: Early Tamil Society and Culture, Medieval India, Advent of Europeans, Rise of Nationalism in India, First War of Independence, Indian National Movement, World War I and II, Decolonisation.

Geography: Atmosphere, Hydrosphere (water resources), Indian agriculture, Industries, Transport in India. Tamil Nadu-specific geography is emphasised.

Civics: Democracy, Election system in India, Constitutional Amendments, Local Self-Government in Tamil Nadu, Rights and Duties.

Economics: Basics of Economics, Sectors of Indian Economy, Development and Planning, Consumer Protection.

Tamil Nadu history (Sangam literature, medieval Tamil kingdoms, Dravidian movement) is a significant part of the Social Science curriculum — unique to TN Samacheer.

Tamil and English Language Subjects

Tamil First Language (100 Marks): Prose, poetry (classical and modern Tamil literature), supplementary reader, grammar (noun, pronoun, verb, case, compound words), creative writing (essay, letter, story).

For students with Tamil as first language, classical Tamil texts are part of the syllabus — these require consistent reading practice.

English Second Language (100 Marks): Reading comprehension (prose and poetry), vocabulary (synonyms, antonyms, phrasal verbs), grammar (tenses, voice, reported speech, non-finites), writing (letter, essay, article, notice).

TN Samacheer English is CBSE-comparable in difficulty and covers similar grammar topics. Students who score well in English have a strong advantage for future competitive exams.

Final preparation: Solve all 5 previous year TN SSLC question papers per subject. The TN board question pattern is consistent and predictable — paper-solving is the most effective preparation.